When Einstein set out to explain why gravity works the way it does, he used three dimensions to illustrate the affect gravity has on objects. Similarly, Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza, a German physicist, believed that there was a unified theory, that would help explain all of nature’s forces. He wanted to be able to explain electromagnetic force using the same principle that Einstein used. However, he could not do so with only the three dimensions known to man. This led to the idea that there might in fact be more dimensions than those we are aware of. By taking a fourth dimension into account while developing an equation, Kaluza ended up with the real equation used to deal with electromagnetic forces. However, when he tried to apply this equation to real life, it did not work. In our age, a new approach to unify the laws of physics is being explored. This theory is known as String theory. When zooming into an object far enough, one can see atoms, and atoms are made of quarks. A quark is a fundamental constituent of matter. Conventional ideas end here, but the String theory proposes that deep inside these quarks, there are filaments of energy that look like strings. Normally, when strings move at different vibrations, they create different sounds. However, these string-like filaments vibrate differently to create particles themselves, and are responsible for the different properties of particles. This relates back to the idea of multiple dimensions, because when equations took into account for the idea of the String Theory, the mathematics only works in a universe that has 10 different dimensions of space. So the String Theory also proposes that there are in fact, 10 different dimensions of space.
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